Free Important Advice - Recent breakthroughs in mechanical motor design may aid in future operations performed on humans
Breakthroughs in motor designs, until recently, had not kept up the pace with electronics industry. However, there has been a push for Japanese technology over the past few years especially for use within the human body. Traditional electric motors do not scale well when shrank to tiny sizes mere millimiters in dimension due to frictional loses.
The real innovators of medical robots and mechanical surgery are simple bacteria. As a result of evolutionary processes over the millenia, little structures called flagella, and other devices they have developed have given us humans the tools necessary to bring about large scale reductions in piezoelectric motors. The gains, or loses in size recently achieved have been well over 50% reductions in overall size. In addition to size factors, weight or mass also has a direct effect on the overal friction forces exerted upon the tiny moving parts.
At the turn of this century, or slightly after around 2001, the smallest of these ultrasonic, piezoelectric motors developed by researchers at Penn State’s Materials Research Institute were about the size of a single grain of rice. That was 1.8 millimeters in diameter and 4 millimeters long. These standards pale in comparison to what today’s technology is capable of, however, they were small but powerful motors. The smallest of these motors could be stopped in their tracks with the slightest pressure of a human touch, yet those only fractionally larger could also rip through skin causing blood to flow.
Mapping out the human body may be quite a lofty goal, but a recent article reported the smallest motors manufactured are only twice the size of a strand of human hair. These miniature motors could be used to power microbots to fly around the body performing feats of surgery only dreamed of with conventional medical technology. Researchers hoped for trends of shrinking that might lead to medical science robots that can sort out the complications within our bodies. Bringing this technology to the masses would be a huge medical leap forward.
There are still pitfalls to overcome. Piezoelectric materials warp as an constant voltage is applied to them. Efficiency levels are still miserable at this level of size also, similar in ranges to that of internal combustion engines found on the highways in America.
The widespread increase of minimally invasive surgery across niche areas of the medical world has driven the need for micro-sized tools to perform procedures man is incapable of. Rising demand for portable equipment has also increased fixed constraints on device design. Motor design engineers have faced the ubiquitous medical device design challenge of shrinking the motor’s physical layout while maintaining form, power, and efficiency levels.
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